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Voices from The Gathering Place » Song Memory Games

Song Memory Games

Where did the Ojibways at Sault Ste. Marie come from?
 
What song did the voyageurs sing?
 
Who did Father Druilletes pray for?
 
What country did the fur trader John Johnston come from?
 
What did the fur trader Ermatinger make for his Chippewa (Ojibway) wife?
 
Where did the "redcoats" come from?
Where did the Ojibways at Sault Ste. Marie come from?
The salty sea
Inquiry - research the Ojibway migration story
 
What song did the voyageurs sing?
A la claire fontaine
Inquiry - research the songs of the voyageurs and why music was so important to them
 
Who did Father Druilletes pray for?
Sick Ojibway families
Inquiry - research the traditional medicines used by the Ojibways.
Visit In Their Own Words section:
Hear what Chief Dean Sayers talk about why this area was important for traditional medicines
What was Bawating like before the settlers?
Hear Mabel Lewis-Hill's story about traditional medicine
 
What country did the fur trader John Johnston come from?
Ireland
Inquiry - research the life of John Johnston and his Chippewa (Ojibway) wife Susan
 
What did the fur trader Ermatinger make for his Chippewa (Ojibway) wife?
A stone house (The Old Stone House)
Inquiry - research the life of Charles Ermatinger and his Chippewa (Ojibway) wife Mannanowe
 
Where did the "redcoats" come from?
The redcoats who spoke English came from Britain
Inquiry - research why the British were called "redcoats"
Étienne Brûlé was the first European explorer to see what great lake?
 
In what year did Étienne Brûlé leave France for New France?
 
Who brought Étienne Brûlé across the ocean to New France?
 
What First Nations language did Étienne Brûlé speak fluently?
 
Who found Étienne Brûlé when he was lost and starving?
 
Why did the blackcoat priests (Christian missionaries) say Étienne Brûlé had stopped being a good Catholic?
Étienne Brûlé was the first European explorer to see what great lake?
Lake Superior
Inquiry - research the Great Lakes and how they were named
 
In what year did Étienne Brûlé leave France for New France?
1608
Inquiry - research the French people like the "filles de Roi" who immigrated to New France in the 1600s
 
Who brought Étienne Brûlé across the ocean to New France?
Samuel de Champlain
Inquiry - research the life of Samuel de Champlain
 
What First Nations language did Étienne Brûlé speak fluently?
Huron
Inquiry - research the Huron people
 
Who found Étienne Brûlé when he was lost and starving?
The Seneca (First Nations people)
Inquiry - research the Seneca people
 
Why did the blackcoat priests (Christian missionaries)  say Étienne Brûlé had stopped being a good Catholic?
He had embraced some of the First Nation's beliefs and rituals
Inquiry - research the beliefs and rituals of the Huron and other First Nations people.
Visit In Their Own Words section:
Hear Darin Corbiere's creation story
Hear what Willard Pine says about the experience of visions.
Hear what Peter Migwans has to say about the smoking pail, the water lynx, learning the Anishinaabe stories and the importance of offering tobacco
In what year did the battle of Point Iroquois take place?
 
Who did the Iroquois hunt for?
 
Where did the Iroquois take Ojibways from?
 
Where had the Iroquois taken their captives?
 
How did the Ojibways decide when to attack the Iroquois?
 
What tribe do the "Crane" belong to?
In what year did the battle of Point Iroquois take place?
1662
Inquiry - research the "battles" that First Nations fight today.
Visit In Their Own Words section:
Hear what Chiefs Dean Sayers and Lyle Sayers have to say about today's "battles" with the government.
 
Who did the Iroquois hunt for?
Ojibways
Inquiry - research the peace treaty that was finally agreed upon between the Iroquois and Ojibway First Nations
 
Where did the Iroquois take Ojibways from?
Garden River
Inquiry - research the story of Garden River First Nation
Visit In Their Own Words section:
Hear Karl Hele, Lyle Sayers and Willard Pine say about life in Garden River First Nation and their most famous Chief Shingwauk
 
Where had the Iroquois taken their captives?
Sault Ste. Marie
Inquiry - research where the names "Sault Ste. Marie" and "Bawating" (the name the Anishnaabe had always called it) came from
 
How did the Ojibways decide when to attack the Iroquois?
The medicine man consulted the manitou (spirits)
Inquiry - research the role of the medicine man among Ojibway First Nations people
 
What tribe do the "Crane" belong to?
The Ojibways
Inquiry - research the Crane Ojibway dodem (clan) who were prominent in Sault Ste. Marie
Who sent Simon (the sieur of St. Lusson) to Sault Ste. Marie?
 
What did Pierre Moreau say he was?
 
Where did the group begin their journey to Sault Ste. Marie?
 
In what year did Simon claim Sault Ste. Marie and North American for France?
 
In whose name did Simon claim Sault Ste. Marie and all the lands around it?
 
How long did the journey from Montreal to Sault Ste. Marie take?
Who sent Simon (the sieur of St. Lusson) to Sault Ste. Marie?
Jean Baptiste Talon (The intendant of New France)
Inquiry - research the life of Jean Baptiste Talon.
How did he get the job of intendant?
Was he a good intendant?
 
What did Pierre Moreau say he was?
A coureurs-de-bois (a runner-of-the-woods, a fur trader)
Inquiry - research the voyageurs. Who were they? what was the voyageur life like?
 
Where did the group begin their journey to Sault Ste. Marie?
Montreal
Inquiry - research the role of Montreal during the fur trade times
 
In what year did Simon claim Sault Ste. Marie and North American for France?
1671
Inquiry - research the Pageant of St. Lusson
Visit In Their Own Words section:
Hear what Karl Hele has to say about this event
 
In whose name did Simon claim Sault Ste. Marie and all the lands around it?
Louis the 14th (the king of France)
Inquiry - research Louis the 14th's involvement with colonizing New France
 
How long did the journey from Montreal to Sault Ste. Marie take?
Seven months. (October 1670 to May 1671)
Inquiry - research how long it would take to travel the same route today by car.
How would you describe the differences between the trip in 1671 and today?
In what year did Henry join the fur trade?
 
How did Alexander Henry try to disguise himself so he wouldn’t look like an Englishman?
 
Who was the Chief that confronted Alexander Henry?
 
Name one of the three things Minavavana did to make Alexander feel safe?
 
Why did the Chief spare Alexander Henry’s life?
 
What might be meant by the line, "The French were out and the British were in"?
In what year did Henry join the fur trade?
1762
Inquiry - research the seven year war between England and France that ended in 1762.
 
How did Alexander Henry try to disguise himself so he wouldn’t look like an Englishman?
He dressed up like a French Canadienne (A voyageur)
Inquiry - research how the French Canadienne voyageurs dressed and how it was different from an English fur trader.
 
Who was the Chief that confronted Alexander Henry?
Minavavana
Inquiry - research why the Ojibway (Anishinaabe) Chiefs were friendly toward the French and hostile toward the English at this time.
 
Name one of the three things Minavavana did to make Alexander feel safe?
He called him friend, smoked the pipe and shook his hand.
Inquiry - research the role of the pipe and tobacco in Ojibway (Anishnaabe) life.
Visit In Their Own Words section:
Hear what Peter Migwans says about tobacco.
 
Why did the Chief spare Alexander Henry’s life?
He had goods to trade.
Inquiry - research what items that European voyageurs brought to trade with First Nations people.
Why would First Nations people value such items?
 
What might be meant by the line, "The French were out and the British were in"?
The British had defeated the French in war so they were now in charge.
Inquiry - research what happened between France and England in 1762 that made Alexander Henry think it was a good idea to do fur trading in the Mackinaw and Sault Ste. Marie area.
In what year did the massacre at Mackinaw take place?
 
What Chief was planning attacks on the British?
 
What game were the First Nations playing before they attacked?
 
Who saved Alexander Henry’s life?How did Wawatum obtain freedom for Alexander Henry?
 
What did Henry mean when he worried he might "soon be underground"?
In what year did the massacre at Mackinaw take place?
1763
Inquiry - research what "country" Fort Mackinaw was part of in 1763.
Was it Ojibway (Anishinaabe) territory?
Was it New France? Was it Canada? Was it the United States?
 
What Chief was planning attacks on the British?
Pontiac
Inquiry - research the Pontiac rebellion against the English.
 
What game were the First Nations playing before they attacked?
Lacrosse
Inquiry - research lacrosse and other sports/games traditionally played by the Ojibways (Anishinaabe)
 
Who saved Alexander Henry’s life?
The First Nations man Wawatum
Inquiry - research the winter Alexander Henry spent with Wawatum and his family described in Henry's book, "Alexander Henry's Travels and adventures in the years 1760-1776". (Available free online)
 
How did Wawatum obtain freedom for Alexander Henry?
He gave the chief all that he had (everything he owned)
Inquiry - research what would be thought of as valuable possessions among First Nations of this time.
What do we think of as valuable possessions today?
How do the two differ?
 
What did Henry mean when he worried he might "soon be underground"?
That he would be killed
Inquiry - research the 1763 battle at Fort Mackinaw
How many people died? Were they all soldiers? How many survived?
What are the details of how the Ojibways tricked the English?
When and/or where was Jean-Baptisite Cadotte born?
 
Why did Louis leave his fort in Sault Ste. Marie?
 
What language did Jean-Baptiste Cadotte speak fluently?
 
What did Jean-Baptiste Cadotte and Alexander Henry work together on?
 
What did Jean-Baptiste Cadotte bring to the Sault Ojibways on behalf of the English?
 
What does it mean that Jean-Baptiste Cadotte was "born beneath the fleurs-de-lis"?
When and/or where was Jean-Baptisite Cadotte born?
Quebec 1723
Inquiry - research what life was like in New France (Quebec) around 1723.
What did people do for a living?
Was it a hard or easy life?
What made it hard or easy?
 
Why did Louis leave his fort in Sault Ste. Marie?
To fight the Englishmen
Inquiry - research the battle on the Plains of Abraham
 
What language did Jean-Baptiste Cadotte speak fluently?
Ojibway
Inquiry - research the status of the Ojibway (Anishinaabe) language today.
How many people still speak it?
Why don't all Ojibways speak the language?
Will the Ojibway language survive?
 
What did Jean-Baptiste Cadotte and Alexander Henry work together on?
Fur trading and mining
Inquiry - research the history of the fur trade in the Sault Ste. Marie area (include Mackinac) and/or research the history of copper mining around Lake Superior and Lake Huron
 
What did Jean-Baptiste Cadotte bring to the Sault Ojibways on behalf of the English?
A wampum belt
Inquiry - research the history meaning of the wampum belt for First Nations people.
Why did they often make serious agreements with a wampum belt?
What did an agreement made by Wampum belt mean to them?
Visit In Their Own Words section:
Hear what Alan Corbiere and Chief Lyle Sayers say about the wampum belt.
 
What does it mean that Jean-Baptiste Cadotte was "born beneath the fleurs-de-lis"?
He was a Frenchman
Inquiry - research the history and meaning of the fleurs-de-lis for French people
Where was John Johnston from?
 
In what year did John Johnston leave Ireland?
 
What happened to John Johnston during his first winter on the island of Lapointe?
 
Why was the Ojibway chief Wa-bo-jeeg reluctant to let John Johnston marry his daughter?
 
What did John Johnston do when he was offered jobs away from Sault Ste. Marie?
 
The song says that when John Johnston first saw the chief's daughter he, "He sighed a sigh, asked himself why, then died a death that would not die " What does that mean?
Where was John Johnston from?
Northern Ireland
Inquiry - research what life was like in Ireland in this time period (c. 1762-1790).
What was life like for the upper classes (like John's family), the merchants or the farmers?
 
In what year did John Johnston leave Ireland?
1790
Inquiry - research what it was like to travel from Europe to North America on a wooden sailing ship in those days
 
What happened to John Johnston during his first winter on the island of Lapointe?
His men (voyageurs who knew the area) deserted him
Inquiry - research the cutthroat competition that was common between independent fur traders and fur trading companies like the North West Company and the Hudson's Bay Company
 
Why was the Ojibway chief Wa-bo-jeeg reluctant to let John Johnston marry his daughter?
He had seen other fur traders take First Nations wives and then abandon them
Inquiry - research how First Nations wives were essential to the survival of the fur traders and the stories of them being abandoned by their husbands unlike John Johnston and Charles Ermatinger who stayed with their Anishinaabe wives for life
 
What did John Johnston do when he was offered jobs away from Sault Ste. Marie?
He turned them down
Inquiry - research the life and career of John Johnston during his time at Sault Ste. Marie
 
The song says that when John Johnston first saw the chief's daughter he, "He sighed a sigh, asked himself why, then died a death that would not die " What does that mean?
He had fallen in love at first sight
Inquiry - research the stories of voyageurs who both fell in love and stayed with their First Nations wives, creating the Métis people
What can no forest hide from Wa-bo-jeeg?
 
What gives Wa-bo-Jeeg a clue as to where his enemies are?
 
What do the wind and clouds do for Wa-bo-jeeg?
 
What does Wa-bo-jeeg experience in his lodge?
 
What does the stormy beach with heavy tempests (wind and rain) tell Wa-bo-jeeg?
 
What is common to every helper that Wa-bo-jeeg describes?
What can no forest hide from Wa-bo-jeeg?
The tracks of his enemies
Inquiry - research the warfare between the Chippewas (Anishinaabe) and the Sioux (and others)
 
What gives Wa-bo-Jeeg a clue as to where his enemies are?
The birds flying in the air
Inquiry - research the role of birds in Chippewa (Anishinaabe) stories and beliefs
 
What do the wind and clouds do for Wa-bo-jeeg?
They help him to find his enemies
Inquiry - research the role of nature  in Chippewa (Anishinaabe) stories and beliefs
 
What does Wa-bo-jeeg experience in his lodge?
Sacred dreams
Inquiry - research the role of dreams and visions in Chippewa (Anishinaabe) stories and beliefs
 
What does the stormy beach with heavy tempests (wind and rain) tell Wa-bo-jeeg?
The way that warriors should fight and conquer their enemies
Inquiry - research the methods of warfare used by the Chippewa (Anishinaabe) in this time period (c. 1747-1793)
 
What is common to every helper that Wa-bo-jeeg describes?
Every one of them is part of nature
Inquiry - research the role of animals in Chippewa (Anishinaabe) stories and beliefs
How old was Charles Ermatinger when he set out from Montreal?
 
In what year did Charles Ermatinger set out to become a fur trader?
 
What was the name of Charles' Ojibway bride?
 
In what year did the war begin?
 
How fierce was the battle to capture Fort Mackinaw?
 
Why would the song say Charles Ermatinger was, "far from the peaks of Switzerland"?
How old was Charles Ermatinger when he set out from Montreal?
21
Inquiry - research the history of the city of Montreal.
When was it founded?
What was Montreal like in the years Charles Ermatinger was growing up (1780 - 1800)?
 
In what year did Charles Ermatinger set out to become a fur trader?
1798
Inquiry - research the fur trading career of Charles Ermatinger and/or any other well known fur trader.
 
What was the name of Charles' Ojibway bride?
Mananowe (pleasing voice)
Inquiry - research the life and career of Mananowe's famous father, Chief Ka-ta-wa-be-da (Broken Tooth).
 
In what year did the war begin?
1812
Inquiry - research the war of 1812. Why did it start? How did it end?
How did the geography of the United States and Canada change at the end of the war?
Visit In Their Own Words section:
Hear what Chiefs Dean Sayers and Lyle Sayers (Chief Shingwauk history) say about First Nations involvement in the war of 1812.
 
How fierce was the battle to capture Fort Mackinaw?
It wasn't fierce at all. They captured the fort without a shot being fired.
Inquiry - research the capture of Fort Mackinaw in 1812.
 
Why would the song say Charles Ermatinger was, "far from the peaks of Switzerland"?
Charles Ermatinger's father had come from Switzerland, a country known for its tall mountains.
Descendants of the Swiss Ermatingers came from Switzerland to Sault Ste. Marie in 2014 for the grand opening of the historical centre on the site of  the home that Charles Ermatinger built in 1814.
Inquiry - research which countries other fur traders like John Johnston, Jean Baptiste Cadotte, Alexander Henry or others came from.
When was Henry Schoolcraft born?
 
What did Henry Schoolcraft want to do with his name?
 
What job was Henry Schoolcraft hired for at Sault Ste. Marie?
 
What did Henry Schoolcraft like to share?
 
What stories did Henry Schoolcraft write down?
 
The United States was created in 1776. Why did the governor wait until 1820 to claim Sault Ste. Marie?
When was Henry Schoolcraft born?
1793
Inquiry - research the history of the town of Guilderland where Henry Schoolcraft was born.
Do they recognize Henry Schoolcraft today in some way like a building or a street?
 
What did Henry Schoolcraft want to do with his name?
Make it known (to be famous for his work)
Inquiry - research how many books Henry Schoolcraft wrote and how many ways he left his mark in northern Michigan and Ontario. For example, guess where the name "Algoma" came from?
 
What job was Henry Schoolcraft hired for at Sault Ste. Marie?
Indian Agent
Inquiry - research what the role of an Indian Agent was.
By the way, Schoolcraft's Indian Agent office is still standing. It is one of the few original buildings dating back to the 1820s in Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan.
 
What did Henry Schoolcraft like to share?
Poems that he wrote
Inquiry - research the homemade magazine that Henry Schoolcraft made with the help of his extended family called "The Literary Voyageur". It contains poems by him and his Anishinaabe/Irish wife Jane Schoolcraft.
 
What stories did Henry Schoolcraft write down?
The Indian (Anishinaabe) stories
Inquiry - research Anishinaabe stories and learn about some of the important characters, the lessons that the stories taught and how important nature was for them.
 
The United States was created in 1776. Why did the governor wait until 1820 to claim Sault Ste. Marie?
Michigan, where the American Sault Ste. Marie is located, did not officially become a State until 1837. In the 1820 ceremony the governor was claiming that Sault Ste. Marie as part of the Michigan Territory and no longer part of British Territory.
Inquiry - research  who has "owned" Sault Ste. Marie. When did the Anishinaabe come to Bawating (their name for Sault Ste. Marie?) When did the French declare they "owned " Sault Ste. Marie? When did the British declare they "owned" Sault Ste. Marie? When did Sault Ste. Marie split into two countries?
In what year was Jane Schoolcraft born?
 
Where did John Johnston take his daughter Jane for schooling?
 
What flowed right through Jane all the time?
 
What medicine was prescribed to Jane Schoolcraft and/or what did it contain?
 
In what town was Jane hurt by racism, considered to be a "half-breed" in a fancy gown?
 
What was the difficult contradiction that Jane had to live with?
In what year was Jane Schoolcraft born?
1800
Inquiry - research what Canada was like in 1800.
Had any Treaties been made with First Nations people?
Where did most of the Euro-Canadians (people who came from Europe) live in Canada?
How did people earn a living?
What did they do for fun?
 
Where did John Johnston take his daughter Jane for schooling?
Ireland
Inquiry - research why Jane needed to go all the way to Ireland for her education.
Were there schools in Sault Ste. Marie then?
Why did fur traders often send their children away, often to Montreal, for school?
 
What flowed right through Jane all the time?
Poems and stories
Inquiry - research the poetry and writings of Jane Schoolcraft, the first ever published First Nations poet.
 
What medicine was prescribed to Jane Schoolcraft and/or what did it contain?
Laudanum which contained the drug opium.
Inquiry - research the drug laudanum and why it was used in the 1800s. Research other drugs, in the past or today, that started out being helpful but ended up causing addictions.
 
In what town was Jane hurt by racism, considered to be a "half-breed" in a fancy gown?
Washington
Inquiry - research how First Nations people experienced racism in the early 1800s.  Research how First Nations people feel about racism today.
 
What was the difficult contradiction that Jane had to live with?
She came from two very different traditions, European and First Nations.
Inquiry - research what life was like for people with European fathers and First Nations mothers in the 1800s. In Canada we now call them Métis but back then they were called "half-breeds" or "mixed-bloods".
How old was John Tanner when his mother died?
 
What was the year when John Tanner was ten years old?
 
The man who kidnapped John Tanner was from what tribe?
 
How old was John Tanner when he returned to Kentucky?
 
What job did John Tanner have at Sault Ste. Marie?
 
Why does the song say that the bones of John Tanner "smelled like slander"?
How old was John Tanner when his mother died?
2
Inquiry - research what life was like for the young John Tanner before his kidnapping. Hint: search online for his autobiography
 
What was the year when John Tanner was ten years old?
1790
Inquiry - research what happened on the day of John Tanner's abduction. Hint: search online for his autobiography.
 
The man who kidnapped John Tanner was from what tribe?
Shawnee
Inquiry - research the Shawnee tribe.
 
How old was John Tanner when he returned to Kentucky?
40
Inquiry - research the discovery of John Tanner among the Anishinaabe and his trip back to Kentucky.
Hint: search online for his autobiography.
 
What job did John Tanner have at Sault Ste. Marie?
An interpreter
Inquiry - research the problems that have happened in agreements like Treaties when two different languages are being used and misunderstandings happen. e.g. The Pageant of St. Lusson
 
Why does the song say that the bones of John Tanner "smelled like slander"?
Because Tilden confessed to the murder, John Tanner had been falsely accused of murder (slandered)
Inquiry - research the history of Fort Brady, the fort at Sault Ste. Marie.
Where was Shingwaukonse when he experienced the vision in this song?
 
What did the man in the vision tell Shingwaukonse to look to?
 
What did the man in the vision tell Shingwaukonse he would be one day?
 
What did the man give to Shingwaukonse?
 
What word/sound that imitates traditional Anishinaabe singing is sung in each chorus of the song?
 
After the vision, what would Shingwauk think of each time he looked at the sun?
Where was Shingwaukonse when he experienced the vision in this song?
A birch bark lodge
Inquiry - research dwellings of the Anishinaabe. What was used besides birch bark? How were they made?
 
What did the man in the vision tell Shingwaukonse to look to?
The sun
Inquiry - research the importance of the sun, moon and the four directions in Anishinaabe traditional beliefs.
 
What did the man in the vision tell Shingwaukonse he would be one day?
Mighty
Inquiry - research the life and career of Shingwaukonse and his involvement in the war of 1812, the Mica Bay mine takeover, the Robinson-Huron Treaty and education for his people.
 
What did the man give to Shingwaukonse?
A fluttering flag
Inquiry - research the importance of flags and ceremony for the Anishinaabe as it lives on today on the Pow Wow tradition.
 
What word/sound that imitates traditional Anishinaabe singing is sung in each chorus of the song?
"Way-ahh"
Inquiry - research  traditional Anishinaabe singing and drumming.
 
After the vision, what would Shingwauk think of each time he looked at the sun?
The man from his vision
Inquiry - research the visions of Shingwaukonse's great-great grandson Willard Pine and the role they have played in his life.
When did the Mica Bay mine takeover happen?
 
What was "Little Pine's" name in Ojibway?
 
Why did Little Pine, MacDonell and the First Nations and Métis take over the Mica Bay mine?
 
What had Shingwaukonse been trying to do for decades?
 
What was Allan MacDonell's profession?
 
Why did the government finally agree to negotiate a Treaty?
When did the Mica Bay mine takeover happen?
November 14th, 1849
Inquiry - research the mineral copper. Why is it useful? What is it used for?
 
What was "Little Pine's" name in Ojibway?
Shingwaukonse
Inquiry - research the life and accomplishments of Chief Shingwauk.
 
Why did Little Pine, MacDonell and the First Nations and Métis take over the Mica Bay mine?
To stop illegal mining in the Anishnaabe territory
Inquiry - research the life of Allan MacDonell
 
What did the man give to Shingwaukonse?
A fluttering flag
Inquiry - research the importance of flags and ceremony for the Anishinaabe as it lives on today on the Pow Wow tradition.
 
What had Shingwaukonse been trying to do for decades?
A Treaty
Inquiry - research what a Treaty is. Research the Robinson-Huron Treaty.
 
What was Allan MacDonell's profession?
Lawyer
Inquiry - research the job of a lawyer.  What do they do? How do they help people?
 
Why did the government finally agree to negotiate a Treaty?
They were under great pressure due to the news reports about the Mica Bay mine takeover.
Inquiry - research how media like newspapers and social media can change people's opinions.
When was John Prince born?
 
How old was John Prince when he moved from Britain to Canada?
 
What happened in 1837?
 
What did John Prince do with five rebel prisoners?
 
How did John Prince describe Sault Ste. Marie in 1853?
 
Why did John Prince leave Britain for Canada?
When was John Prince born?
1796
Inquiry - research John Prince's life up until he moved to Canada. Hint: the Dictionary of Canadian Biography.
 
How old was John Prince when he moved from Britain to Canada?
37
Inquiry - research what a person has to do today to immigrate from another country to Canada.
 
What happened in 1837?
There was a rebellion in Upper Canada
Inquiry - research the Upper Canada Rebellion
 
What did John Prince do with five rebel prisoners?
He had them shot
Inquiry - research what happened to other prisoners captured in the Upper Canada Rebellion.
 
How did John Prince describe Sault Ste. Marie in 1853?
A horrid, wild, inhospitable place
Inquiry - research what Sault Ste. Marie is like today.
What kinds of jobs to people have?
How many people live here?
What do people like/dislike about Sault Ste. Marie today?
 
Why did John Prince leave Britain for Canada?
He was afraid of his reputation being ruined by his father's being arrested as a bootlegger (a person who makes and sells illegal alcohol).
Inquiry - research what alcohol can do to the body and the lives of people when it is abused.
What country did Joseph Wilson come from?
 
What job did Joseph Wilson take over from his father?
 
Where did people go when they did something wrong in Sault Ste. Marie in 1843?
 
Who decided to get some Canadian lumber without paying money (duty) to Joseph Wilson the Customs Officer?
 
What group of Irishmen threatened to attack Canada in the 1860s?
 
Why do you suppose Chief Shingwaukonse spent three questioning the new settler and non-Native Joseph Wilson?
What country did Joseph Wilson come from?
Scotland
Inquiry - research the country of Scotland including the difference between the Highlanders and the Lowlanders.
 
What job did Joseph Wilson take over from his father?
Customs Officer
Inquiry - research what a Customs Officer does.
 
Where did people go when they did something wrong in Sault Ste. Marie in 1843?
Inside the fence of Joseph Wilson's yard.
Inquiry - research what police officers today do when someone is caught doing something wrong.
How is it different from the little village back in 1843?
 
Who decided to get some Canadian lumber without paying money (duty) to Joseph Wilson the Customs Officer?
Theopholis
Inquiry - research what happens when people try to bring items from one country to another without "declaring" them and paying duty to the Customs Officer.
 
What group of Irishmen threatened to attack Canada in the 1860s?
Fenians
Inquiry - research the Fenian raids of 1866 - 1871.
 
Why do you suppose Chief Shingwaukonse spent three questioning the new settler and non-Native Joseph Wilson?
Joseph Wilson was in Sault Ste. Marie to represent the wishes of the Government of Canada which were often harmful to the lives of First Nations people.
Inquiry - research how the Indian Act created by the Canadian Government affected the lives of First Nations people. Hint: watch the Chief Dean Sayers video, "What is an Indian Agent?"
What did people do at St. Mary's river long ago?
 
What did the river hear the Anishnabeg call her?
 
What are two things the river might watch you do in the days of Bawating?
 
When you stand in Sault Ste. Marie and look across the river, what do you see?
 
What does St. Mary's river give to the people of Sault Ste. Marie?
 
What was the decree that split the "two sisters" (the two Sault Ste. Maries)?
What did people do at St. Mary's river long ago?
They fished, danced and sang.
Inquiry - research what life was like for the Anishinaabe before settlers came.
Hint: watch "What was Bawating like before the settlers, "Why was Bawating an important meeting place," and "How was Bawating governed before the settlers."
 
What did the river hear the Anishnabeg call her?
Bawating
Inquiry - research the names of the places (cities, towns, rivers, lakes, Provinces etc.) to find out which ones come from a First Nations word. Hint: start with "Canada."
 
What are two things the river might watch you do in the days of Bawating?
Meet your love or go to war.
Inquiry - research marriage practices and famous wars in Anishinaabe history.
Hint: for war history watch the videos Point Iroquois and Wa-bo-jeeg.
 
When you stand in Sault Ste. Marie and look across the river, what do you see?
Sault Ste. Marie
Inquiry - research the creation of the border between Canada and the United States.
Why would First Nations people say that the border should not apply to them?
 
What does St. Mary's river give to the people of Sault Ste. Marie?
Her beauty and power
Inquiry - research what makes waterways like St. Mary's River and Lake Superior healthy and what harms them.
 
What was the decree that split the "two sisters" (the two Sault Ste. Maries)?
The United States Declaration of Independence (from Britain)
Inquiry - research and compare the differences between the two "Sault Ste. Maries."  Think about things like population, what people do for work, what people enjoy doing in their free time, how their city government works etc.